Mabuhay! Get ready to discover Manila, the vibrant capital of the Philippines and a true gem of Southeast Asia. Often called the “Pearl of the Orient,” Manila blends a rich history, with its Spanish colonial past evident in the walled city of Intramuros, and a dynamic modern culture, easy to see when exploring Binondo, the oldest Chinatown in the world. This guide unlocks the city’s secrets, providing insights for every traveler, from history buffs uncovering its storied past, to foodies tasting delicious and unique culinary dishes, to adventurers exploring the bustling metropolis. Explore key historical timelines, find detail guides to each district, and discover practical tips that will help make the most out of a trip to Manila.
A Journey Through Time: The History of Manila
Pre-Colonial Manila (Maynila)
Long before Spanish colonization, the area now known as Manila was a thriving settlement called Maynila. The name “Maynila” is believed to derive from the phrase, “may nila”, a Tagalog phrase referencing the abundance of indigo plants (used for dye) in the region. This prosperous community was a part of a larger network of settlements and was governed by Rajah Sulayman, a prominent figure in pre-colonial Tagalog society.
Spanish Colonial Era (1571-1898)
The arrival of Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi in 1571 marked a turning point in Manila’s history. After consolidating Spanish control, Legazpi established the fortified city of Intramuros, which would become the center of Spanish power in the Philippines. The Galleon Trade, a lucrative trading route linking Manila with Acapulco, Mexico, brought immense wealth and influence to the city, but also cemented Spanish colonial rule. The era saw the widespread conversion to Catholicism, the construction of magnificent churches and buildings, and the blending of Spanish and indigenous cultures.
American Colonial Period (1898-1946)
Following the Spanish-American War, the Philippines transitioned to American rule in 1898. American urban planner Daniel Burnham was commissioned to modernize Manila, and his influence is still visible today. Significant infrastructure projects, including roads, bridges, and public buildings, reshaped the city. While this period saw advancements in education and public health, it also marked a new chapter of foreign influence.
World War II and Independence (1941-1946)
The outbreak of World War II brought immense hardship to Manila. The Japanese occupation was a dark time for the city, culminating in the devastating Battle of Manila in 1945. The battle resulted in widespread destruction, particularly of the historic Intramuros. Following the war, the Philippines finally achieved independence on July 4, 1946, beginning a new era of self-determination.
Modern Manila (1946-Present)
Post-war Manila underwent rapid reconstruction and expansion, evolving into the densely populated metropolis it is today. While the city has become a major economic and cultural hub of Southeast Asia, it also faces significant challenges, including traffic congestion, pollution, and population density. The city continues to modernize, balancing its rich history with the demands of a rapidly growing population.
Exploring Manila’s Districts: A Tapestry of Culture
Manila is more than just a single entity; it’s a vibrant collection of districts, each with its own distinct personality and charm. Let’s explore these neighborhoods, uncovering the unique experiences they offer.
Intramuros: The Walled City
Step back in time as you enter Intramuros, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the historic heart of Manila. This “Walled City,” built by the Spanish in the 16th century, is a remarkable testament to the colonial era. Its cobblestone streets, imposing stone walls, and beautifully preserved architecture transport visitors to a different time.
- Key Landmarks and Activities:
- Fort Santiago: Explore this historic fort, a crucial defense structure that witnessed key events in Philippine history, including the imprisonment of national hero José Rizal.
- San Agustin Church: Marvel at the grandeur of this baroque church, the oldest stone church in the Philippines and another UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its intricate details and historical significance are truly captivating.
- Casa Manila: Step inside this meticulously recreated Spanish colonial house to get a glimpse of life during that era. The period furniture and décor offer a fascinating insight into the past.
- Kalesa Rides: Take a leisurely ride on a kalesa, a traditional horse-drawn carriage, and experience the charm of Intramuros at a slower pace.
- Bamboo Bike Tours: For a more active exploration, rent a bamboo bike and cycle through the historic streets, discovering hidden corners and enjoying the unique atmosphere.
Intramuros is not just a collection of old buildings; it’s a living museum where history comes alive. Be sure to allocate plenty of time to fully appreciate its beauty and significance.
Binondo: The World’s Oldest Chinatown
Prepare your senses for a vibrant and bustling experience in Binondo, the world’s oldest Chinatown, established in 1594. This district is a melting pot of Filipino and Chinese cultures, a place where ancient traditions blend seamlessly with modern life. The air is filled with the aroma of delicious food, the streets are lined with shops selling everything from traditional Chinese medicines to modern electronics, and the energy is palpable.
- Food Recommendations:
- Dong Bei Dumplings: Savor authentic Northern Chinese dumplings at this popular spot.
- Sincerity Fried Chicken: A must-try for crispy and flavorful fried chicken with a unique Binondo twist.
- Wai Ying Dim Sum: Indulge in a wide variety of delicious dim sum, from steamed buns to savory dumplings.
- Explore Ongpin Street: Wander down Ongpin Street, the heart of Binondo, and discover countless food stalls and restaurants offering a diverse range of culinary delights.
Beyond the food, Binondo offers a rich cultural experience. Visit the beautiful Binondo Church, explore the many temples, and witness the vibrant celebrations during Chinese New Year.
Ermita and Malate: Tourist Hub and Nightlife
Ermita and Malate, located south of the Pasig River, are known as Manila’s tourist hubs. These districts offer a mix of historical landmarks, cultural attractions, and a lively nightlife scene.
Rizal Park, a sprawling green space dedicated to the Philippine national hero, is a must-visit. Enjoy a leisurely stroll, admire the gardens, or catch a cultural performance. The nearby Manila Bay offers stunning sunset views. Ermita and Malate are also home to numerous hotels, restaurants, and bars, catering to a diverse range of tastes. As the sun sets, the districts come alive with music, laughter, and entertainment.
Quiapo: The Heart of Old Manila
Quiapo is a district that embodies the heart and soul of traditional Manila. It’s a place of deep religious significance, bustling markets, and a vibrant, if sometimes chaotic, atmosphere.
The iconic Quiapo Church is the home of the Black Nazarene, a revered image of Jesus Christ. The annual Feast of the Black Nazarene, a massive religious procession, draws millions of devotees. Beyond the church, Quiapo is known for its sprawling market, Divisoria, a bargain hunter’s paradise. Here, you can find everything from clothes and textiles to household goods and electronics. Be prepared for crowds and be mindful of your belongings.
San Miguel and the Presidential Palace
San Miguel is a historic district in Manila and home to Malacañang Palace. Malacañang Palace is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the Philippines. While public access to the Palace itself is restricted, the surrounding area offers a glimpse into the seat of Philippine power.
Other Notable Districts
- Tondo: One of the oldest districts in Manila, Tondo is a densely populated area with a rich, though sometimes challenging, history. It represents the resilience and spirit of the Filipino people.
- Santa Cruz: Santa Cruz is a busy commercial district. Known for shopping and variety of goods
- Sampaloc: Known as the “University Belt,” Sampaloc is home to several prestigious universities, including the historic University of Santo Tomas, the oldest existing university in Asia.
Things to Do in Manila: Unforgettable Experiences
Manila offers a wide array of activities and attractions to suit every interest, from delving into history and culture to experiencing the vibrant energy of city life. Whether a traveler is a seasoned explorer or a first-time visitor, there’s something for everyone to discover.
Historical and Cultural Sites
Immerse in Manila’s rich past and vibrant culture by exploring its numerous historical and cultural landmarks.
- National Museum Complex: This complex comprises several museums, each offering a unique perspective on Philippine heritage:
- National Museum of Fine Arts: Admire masterpieces of Filipino art, from classical paintings to contemporary sculptures.
- National Museum of Anthropology: Explore the diverse cultures and traditions of the Filipino people through ethnographic artifacts and exhibits.
- National Museum of Natural History: Discover the rich biodiversity of the Philippines, from its unique flora and fauna to its geological wonders.
- San Sebastian Church: This stunning steel church is a unique architectural marvel, showcasing intricate details and a fascinating history.
- Other Historical Landmarks: Explore other significant sites such as the Manila Cathedral, Fort Santiago (within Intramuros), and various historical markers throughout the city.
Parks and Recreation
Escape the urban hustle and bustle and enjoy some fresh air and relaxation in Manila’s green spaces.
- Rizal Park: This iconic park, dedicated to the national hero José Rizal, offers sprawling lawns, gardens, and monuments. It’s a perfect place for a leisurely stroll, a picnic, or simply enjoying the outdoors.
- Arroceros Forest Park: This small but precious “last lung” of Manila provides a haven for various tree species and birdlife.
- Paco Park: This former cemetery has been transformed into a charming park, offering a tranquil escape with its circular walls and historic chapel.
- Manila Ocean Park: Discover the wonders of the underwater world at this popular oceanarium, featuring a variety of marine life and interactive exhibits.
Shopping and Markets
From high-end malls to bustling street markets, Manila offers a diverse shopping experience.
- SM Mall of Asia: One of the largest shopping malls in the world, SM Mall of Asia offers a vast selection of retail outlets, restaurants, and entertainment options, including an IMAX theater and an ice-skating rink.
- Divisoria: Dive into the heart of Manila’s bargain shopping scene at Divisoria. This bustling market is a treasure trove of affordable goods, from clothing and textiles to household items and souvenirs. Be prepared for crowds and hone your haggling skills!
- Quiapo Market: Adjacent to the Quiapo Church, this market offers a mix of fresh produce, religious items, and local crafts.
Food and Drink: A Culinary Adventure
Prepare your taste buds for a delightful journey through Filipino cuisine, a unique blend of flavors and influences.
- Filipino Cuisine Essentials:
- Adobo: A quintessential Filipino dish, adobo features meat (usually chicken or pork) braised in soy sauce, vinegar, garlic, and peppercorns.
- Sinigang: A sour and savory soup, typically made with tamarind broth, meat or seafood, and a variety of vegetables.
- Lechon: Roasted pig with crispy skin and tender meat, a celebratory dish often served during special occasions.
- Dining Options:
- Fine Dining: Manila boasts a vibrant fine-dining scene, with restaurants offering both traditional Filipino cuisine and international flavors.
- Street Food: For a truly authentic experience, explore the streets and sample a variety of Filipino street food, from isaw (grilled chicken intestines) to kwek kwek (deep-fried quail eggs).
- Binondo Food Trip: Embark on a culinary adventure through Binondo Chinatown, sampling a wide range of Chinese-Filipino dishes.
Nightlife and Entertainment
As the sun sets, Manila comes alive with a vibrant nightlife scene.
- Poblacion (Makati): This trendy neighborhood is known for its eclectic mix of bars, restaurants, and live music venues.
- Malate: A traditional nightlife hub, Malate offers a variety of bars, clubs, and entertainment options.
- Live Music: Manila has a thriving live music scene, with venues showcasing a range of genres, from rock and pop to jazz and blues.
Practical Information for Travelers
To ensure a smooth and enjoyable trip to Manila, here’s some practical information to keep in mind.
Getting Around Manila
Navigating Manila can be an adventure in itself! The city offers a variety of transportation options, each with its own quirks and advantages.
- Taxis: Taxis are readily available throughout Manila, but be sure to insist on using the meter. Traffic can be heavy, especially during rush hour, so factor in extra travel time.
- Jeepneys: These iconic, colorful vehicles are a unique and affordable way to get around. Jeepneys follow specific routes, and you can flag them down anywhere along their route. Be prepared for a crowded ride, and be sure to tell the driver where you want to get off. (“Para po!” means “Please stop!”)
- Buses: Buses offer a more comfortable, though sometimes slower, option for longer distances. There are numerous bus routes throughout the city.
- Trains (LRT/MRT): Manila has an elevated train system, the LRT (Light Rail Transit) and MRT (Metro Rail Transit), which provides a faster way to travel, especially during rush hour. The LRT has two lines (LRT-1 and LRT-2), while the MRT has one main line (MRT-3).
- Ride-Hailing Services (Grab): Grab is a popular ride-hailing app that operates throughout Manila. It offers a convenient and reliable way to book a car or taxi, with upfront pricing. This can often be the most stress-free option, especially for visitors.
Accommodation: Where to Stay in Manila
Manila offers a wide range of accommodation options to suit every budget and preference.
- Budget-Friendly: Hostels and guesthouses are plentiful, particularly in areas like Ermita and Malate. These offer affordable options for backpackers and budget travelers.
- Mid-Range: Numerous hotels offer comfortable accommodations at reasonable prices. Consider staying in areas like Makati, Quezon City, or Pasay for a good balance of convenience and value.
- Luxury: For those seeking a more luxurious experience, Manila boasts several world-class hotels, particularly in Makati and Bonifacio Global City. These offer top-notch amenities, service, and dining options.
- Consider location based on activities: Intramuros is best for history lovers.
Safety Tips for Travelers
Manila is generally a safe city, but like any major metropolis, it’s important to take precautions.
- Be aware of your surroundings: Pay attention to your belongings, especially in crowded areas like markets and public transportation.
- Avoid walking alone at night: Stick to well-lit and populated areas, especially after dark.
- Be wary of scams: Be cautious of overly friendly strangers or offers that seem too good to be true.
- Keep valuables secure: Don’t flash expensive jewelry or electronics, and keep your wallet and phone in a secure place.
- Use reputable transportation: Stick to metered taxis or ride-hailing services like Grab.
- Stay up do date: Check for any current travel advisories that are specific to the region
Visa Requirements and Entry
Visa requirements for the Philippines vary depending on your nationality. Many nationalities are eligible for visa-free entry for short stays (typically 30 days). However, it’s crucial to check the specific requirements for your country before you travel. For the most up-to-date information, visit the official website of the Philippine Bureau of Immigration (https://immigration.gov.ph/).
Currency and Money Exchange
The Philippine currency is the Philippine Peso (PHP). Money can be exchanged at banks, authorized money changers, and some hotels. ATMs are widely available throughout Manila, dispensing Philippine Pesos. It’s generally advisable to exchange some currency upon arrival at the airport for immediate expenses, but better exchange rates can often be found in the city.
Best Time to Visit
Manila has a tropical climate, with a wet season (June to November) and a dry season (December to May). The best time to visit is during the dry season, particularly from December to February, when the weather is cooler and drier. The wet season can bring heavy rains and occasional typhoons. Be sure to check the weather forecast before your trip.
Basic Filipino Phrases
Learning a few basic Filipino phrases can go a long way in enhancing your experience and showing respect for the local culture.
- Mabuhay! (Ma-boo-high) – Welcome!/Hello!
- Magandang araw. (Ma-gan-dang a-raw) – Good day.
- Magandang umaga. (Ma-gan-dang u-ma-ga) – Good morning.
- Magandang hapon. (Ma-gan-dang ha-pon) – Good afternoon.
- Magandang gabi. (Ma-gan-dang ga-bi) – Good evening.
- Salamat. (Sa-la-mat) – Thank you.
- Walang anuman. (Wa-lang a-nu-man) – You’re welcome.
- Paalam. (Pa-a-lam) – Goodbye.
- Opo/Oho. (O-po / O-ho) – Yes (polite).
- Hindi po/Hindi ho. (Hin-di po / Hin-di ho) – No (polite).
- Excuse me / Pasensya na po. (Pa-sen-sya na po)
- Magkano? (Mag-ka-no) – How much?
- Para po! (Pa-ra po) – Please stop! (used when riding jeepneys)
Living in Manila: An Expat’s Guide
For those considering a longer-term stay, Manila offers a unique and vibrant experience. This section provides practical information for expats planning to live and work in the city.
Cost of Living
The cost of living in Manila can vary significantly depending on your lifestyle and location. Generally, it’s considered more affordable than many major Western cities, but more expensive than other Southeast Asian capitals.
- Housing: Rent for a one-bedroom apartment in a central area like Makati or Bonifacio Global City can range from PHP 30,000 to PHP 60,000 (approximately USD 550 – USD 1100) per month. Housing outside these prime areas is significantly cheaper.
- Food: Eating at local eateries and markets is very affordable, with meals costing as little as PHP 100-200 (USD 2-4). Western-style restaurants and groceries are more expensive.
- Transportation: Public transportation is very cheap, but traffic can be a major factor. A monthly transportation budget could range from PHP 2,000 to PHP 5,000 (USD 40-100), depending on your reliance on taxis or Grab.
- Utilities: Utilities (electricity, water, internet) can range from PHP 5,000 to PHP 10,000 (USD 90-180) per month, depending on usage and the size of your apartment. Air conditioning significantly increases electricity costs.
- Overall: A single person could live comfortably on a budget of PHP 50,000 – PHP 80,000 (USD 900-1500) per month, while a family would likely need a higher budget.
Housing Options
Expats in Manila have a variety of housing options to choose from.
- Apartments: Apartments are readily available, ranging from small studios to spacious multi-bedroom units.
- Condominiums: Condominiums are a popular choice for expats, offering amenities like swimming pools, gyms, and security. Many are located in high-rise buildings in central areas.
- Houses: Houses are less common in the central business districts but are available in more suburban areas.
- Popular Expat Neighborhoods:
- Makati: A major business and financial district, Makati offers upscale condominiums, shopping malls, and restaurants.
- Bonifacio Global City (BGC): A modern, planned city with high-rise condominiums, international schools, and a vibrant nightlife.
- Ortigas Center: Another business district with a mix of residential and commercial properties.
Finding Work
Manila has a diverse job market, with opportunities in various sectors. Key industries include:
- Business Process Outsourcing (BPO): The Philippines is a major hub for BPO, with numerous call centers and IT outsourcing companies.
- Information Technology (IT): The IT sector is growing rapidly, with demand for software developers, programmers, and other IT professionals.
- Finance and Banking: Manila is a major financial center in Southeast Asia.
- Tourism and Hospitality: The tourism industry is a significant contributor to the Philippine economy.
- English Teaching Opportunities for teaching English are plentiful
Resources for job searching include online job portals (JobStreet, Indeed, LinkedIn), recruitment agencies, and networking events.
International Schools
For expat families, Manila offers a number of reputable international schools:
- International School Manila (ISM): (https://www.ismanila.org/) Offers an American curriculum.
- British School Manila (BSM): (https://www.britishschoolmanila.org/) Offers a British curriculum.
- The Beacon School: (https://www.beaconschool.ph/)
- Chinese International School Manila (https://www.chineseschool.ph/)
- Korean International School Philippines: (https://www.koreaninternationalschool.com/)
These schools typically offer international curricula, such as the International Baccalaureate (IB) program.
Healthcare
The Philippines has a mix of public and private healthcare facilities. While public hospitals are generally affordable, private hospitals offer a higher standard of care and are preferred by many expats.
- Private Hospitals: Several private hospitals in Manila offer excellent medical services, including St. Luke’s Medical Center, Makati Medical Center, and The Medical City.
- Health Insurance: It’s highly recommended that expats have comprehensive health insurance coverage. International health insurance plans are widely accepted at private hospitals.
Culture Shock and Adaptation
Moving to a new country inevitably involves some degree of culture shock. Filipino culture is generally warm and welcoming, but there are differences that expats may need to adjust to.
- “Filipino Time”: Punctuality is not always strictly observed, and events may start later than scheduled. This is often referred to as “Filipino Time.”
- Indirect Communication: Filipinos often communicate indirectly, using euphemisms and avoiding direct confrontation.
- Family-Oriented Culture: Family is extremely important in Filipino culture, and close family ties are highly valued.
- Pakikisama (Getting Along): Smooth interpersonal relationships are greatly important.
- Respect for Elders: Showing respect for elders is a fundamental aspect of Filipino culture.
- Helpful Resource: Expat forums and community groups can connect individuals going through the same experience.
Embrace the differences, be open-minded, and learn some basic Filipino phrases to ease your transition.
H2: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- Content: Answers to common questions.
- Instructions: Use a question-and-answer format. Keep answers concise and informative.
- Is Manila safe for tourists? (Address safety concerns directly and provide practical tips, avoiding overly alarming language. Emphasize that, like any major city, precautions are necessary.)
- What is the best way to get around Manila? (Briefly compare different transportation options, recommending the most efficient and convenient ones based on different situations.)
- What are some must-try Filipino dishes in Manila? (List 3-5 dishes with brief descriptions and suggest general areas where they can be found.)
- What is the cost of living like in Manila for expats? (Provide a concise summary, referencing the more detailed information in the “Cost of Living” section.)
- How do I apply for a visa to visit/reside in Manila? (Direct readers to the official Bureau of Immigration website for the most up-to-date information.)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Here are answers to some common questions about visiting or living in Manila:
Is Manila safe for tourists?
Manila, like any major city, has areas that are safer than others. Petty theft, such as pickpocketing, can occur, especially in crowded areas. It’s important to be aware of your surroundings, keep valuables secure, and avoid walking alone at night in poorly lit areas. By taking basic precautions, most visitors have a safe and enjoyable experience. Using ride-sharing apps like Grab can also provide an extra layer of security, especially when travelling at night.
What is the best way to get around Manila?
The “best” way depends on your priorities and where you’re going. For short distances within a district, jeepneys are a very affordable, though sometimes crowded, option. For longer distances, or if you prefer more comfort, Grab (a ride-hailing app) is generally the most convenient and reliable option. The LRT/MRT train system is a fast way to avoid traffic, especially during rush hour, but it can also get very crowded. Taxis are available, but always insist on using the meter.
What are some must-try Filipino dishes in Manila?
- Adobo: This savory dish, usually made with chicken or pork braised in soy sauce, vinegar, garlic, and peppercorns, is considered the national dish of the Philippines. You can find it everywhere, from carinderias (small eateries) to fine-dining restaurants.
- Sinigang: A sour and savory soup, often made with tamarind broth, meat or seafood, and vegetables. It’s a comforting and flavorful dish, perfect for a rainy day. Binondo is a great place to sample different variations.
- Lechon: Roasted pig with crispy skin and tender meat. While it’s often served at celebrations, you can find lechon restaurants throughout Manila.
- Sisig: Made from pig’s head and liver. Seasoned with calamansi, onions and chili peppers
- Kare-Kare: A rich and savory stew made with oxtail, vegetables, and a thick peanut sauce.
What is the cost of living like in Manila for expats?
The cost of living in Manila is generally lower than in many Western cities but can vary significantly depending on lifestyle. Housing costs are highest in central business districts like Makati and Bonifacio Global City. Food can be very affordable if you eat at local eateries, while Western-style restaurants are more expensive. For a more detailed breakdown, see the “Cost of Living” section earlier in this guide.
How do I apply for a visa to visit/reside in Manila?
Visa requirements vary depending on your nationality and the purpose of your stay. For the most accurate and up-to-date information, always refer to the official website of the Philippine Bureau of Immigration: https://immigration.gov.ph/. This website provides details on visa types, application procedures, and requirements.
Conclusion: Discover the Magic of Manila
Manila, the “Pearl of the Orient,” offers a captivating journey through time and a vibrant tapestry of experiences. From its rich history, etched in the walls of Intramuros and the streets of Binondo, to its delicious culinary scene and the warmth of its people, Manila is a city that rewards exploration. Whether delving into its past, savoring its flavors, or navigating its bustling present, visitors are sure to discover a unique and unforgettable destination. Start planning an adventure and discover the many sides to this amazing city; and for curated experiences to explore other destinations in the Philippines, browse the tours available at Mihitravel.com.
